NUTRITIVE VALUATION OF WINTER FORAGE CEREALS HAY UNDER VARIABILITY OF AGRO-CLIMATIC CONDITIONS AND NITROGEN REGIMES AT BOOTING STAGE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34016/pjbt.2024.21.02.958Keywords:
Forage cereals, Temperate conditions, Barley, Oat, RyeAbstract
The fundamental relation between forage growers of rain fed areas of Azad Jammu and Kashmir and Pakistan is intense fodder shortage in winter season. The study focused to investigate the inconsistency of winter forage cereals WFCs (barley, oat, rye and triticale) to compute precise dose of nitrogen (0, 75, 150 and 225 kg.ha-1) for the assessment of nutritive evaluation of WFCs, hay at booting stage BS under temperate conditions of (Rawalakot) and subtropical conditions of (Rawalpindi). The two years (2016-2017, 2017-2018) field experiments were, examined at research farm (Chottagalla) of University of Poonch Rawalakot and research farm of (Koont) Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi. In both locations at BS, the hay samples were properly harvested, tagged and arranged. During corresponding years, Rye (12.9%, 13.1%) at Rawalakot while oat (11.2%, 11.5%) at Rawalpindi produced more crude protein contents in response with N @ 225 kg ha-1. The extreme amount of crude fiber contents, acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber contents were documented, for rye at Rawalakot, whereas for oat at Rawalpindi conditions in response to N @ o kg ha-1. Throughout both years, the highest ash contents were recorded, for rye (13.27%, 13.48%) at Rawalakot, whereas triticale (11.42% 12.11%) and oat (11.2%, 11.89) were statistically same under Rawalpindi conditions with application of N @ 225 kg ha-1. It is concluded; from experimental results, there is dire need for nitrogen application to optimize the yield and nutritional value of WFCs under both climatic conditions.
Metrics
References
AOAC. 2012. Official Method of Analysis. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC, USA.
Barati, V. and H. Ghadiri. 2017. Assimilate and Nitrogen Remobilization of Six-Rowed and Two-Rowed Winter Barley under Drought Stress at Different Nitrogen Fertilization. Arch. Agron. Soil Sci., 63: 841-855.
BenYoussef, S., S.S. Kachout, S. Abidi, B. Saddem, J. Ismail and H.B. Salem. 2019. Effect of different levels of nitrogen fertilization on forage yields and quality of hairy vetch (V, Roth) Triticale (X, Witmack) Mixtures. The Open Agriculture Journal, 13(1), 90-100.
Campbell, C. A., R.J.K. Myers and D. Curtin. 1995. Managing Nitrogen for Sustainable Crop Production. Fertilizer Res., 42: 277-296.
Campbell, C. A., F. Selles, R.P. Zentner and B.G. Mc Conkey. 1993. Available water and nitrogen effects on yield components and grain nitrogen of zero-till spring wheat. Agron. J., 85: 114-120
Cinar, S., M. Ozkurt and R. Cetin. 2020. Effects of nitrogen fertilization rates on forage yield and quality of annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) in central black sea climatic zone in Turkey. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 18(1), 417-432.
Coblentz, W.K., M.S. Akins, J.S. Cavadini and W.E. Jokela. 2017. Net effects of nitrogen fertilization on the nutritive value and digestibility of oat forages. Journal of Dairy Science, 100(3), 1739-1750.
Cui, Y., Z. Tian, X. Zhang, A. Muhammad, H. Han, D. Jiang and T. Dai. 2015. Effect of water deficit during vegetative growth periods on postanthesis photosynthetic capacity and grain yield in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 37(10), 1-10.
Demydas H. I. and V. Demtsiura Yu. 2016. Influence of fertilizer level and sowing method on organic matter content in green mass of mixtures of alfalfa and cereals. Silske hospodarstvo ta lisivnytstvo, 3: 76-83
GOP. 2024. Economic Survey of Pakistan. 2023-24: Chapter 2, Agriculture. Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock Division (Economic wing), Islamabad, Pakistan, pp. 19-30
Jamil, M., M. Ansar, Z. Iqbal, T.A. Ahmed, M. Shehzad, A. Ahmad and I. Mahmood. 2021. Biometric characteristics of winter forage cereals grown under nitrogen fertilization in temperate rain conditions. Revista De La Facultad De Agronomia De La Universidad Del Zulia, 38(4): 846-866
Karbivska U. M., V.G. Kurgak, V.F. Kaminskyi, A.O Butenko, G.A. Davydenko, O.B. Viunenko, S.M. Vyhaniailo and S.V. Khomenko. 2020. Economic and energy efficiency of forming and using legume-cereal grass stands depending on fertilizers. Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 10(2), 284-288
Karbivska U.М., A.O. Butenko, I.M. Masyk, N.S. Kozhushko, V.I. Dubovyk, L.V. Kriuchko, V.P. Onopriienko, I.M. Onopriienko and L.M. Khomenko. 2019. Influence of agrotechnical measures on the quality of feed of legume-grass mixtures. Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 9(4), 547- 551.
Katsumata M., H. Kobayashi, A. Ashihara, A. Ishida. 2018. Effects of dietary lysine levels and lighting conditions on intramuscular fat accumulation in growing pigs. Animal Science Journal, 89(7), 988–993.
Kokovikhin S. V., V.P. Kovalenko, A.A. Slepchenko, O.L. Tonkha, N.O. Kovalenko, A.O. Butenko and V.O. Ushkarenko. 2020. Regularities of sowing alfalfa productivity formation while using different types of nitrogen fertilizers in cultivation technology. Modern Phytomorphology, 14: 35-39
Kovtun K. P., Y.A. Veklenko and H.O. Kopayhorodska. 2016. Chemical composition and quality of feed of the degradated old grass stands of the meadow lands under different methods of their improvement in the right-bank Forest-Steppe, Feeds and Feed Production, 82, 204-209.
Kurgak V.G. 2010. Meadow agro phytocenoses. Kyiv. DIA.
Litvinov D.V., A.O Butenko, V.I. Onychko, T. O. Onychko, L.V. Malynka, I.M. Masyk, L.M. Bondarieva and O.L. Ihnatieva. 2019. Parameters of biological circulation of phytomass and nutritional elements in crop rotations. Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 9(3), 92-98.
Mashchak Ya. I. and N.M. Rudavska. 2013. Quality and nutritional value of feed mixtures seeded with hay use. Rudavskii Foothill and mountain agriculture and livestock, 55(2), 81-85.
Nori, H., R.A. Halim and M.F. Ramlan. 2008. Effects of nitrogen fertilization management practice on the yield and straw nutritional quality of commercial rice varieties. Malaysian Journal of Mathematical Sciences, 2(2), 61-71
Obour, A., J. Holman and A. Schlegel. 2019. Seeding rate and nitrogen application effects on spring oat and triticale forage. Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports, 4(5), 5.
Panakhyd H. Ia. And H.S. Konyk . 2017. Basic indicators of forage quality of leguminous and cereal sown grass. Forages and forage production, 83, 145-149.
Ronga, D., A. Dal Prà, A. Immovilli, F. Ruozzi, R. Davolio and M.T. Pacchioli. 2020. Effects of Harvest Time on the Yield and Quality of Winter Wheat Hay Produced in Northern Italy. Agronomy. 10(6): 917.
Ronga, D., D.P. Aldo, I. Alessandra, F. Ruozzi, R. Davolio and M.T. Pacchioli. 2020. Effects of harvest time on the yield and quality of winter wheat hay produced in Northern Italy. Agronomy, 10(6): 917.
Salama, H.S.A. and H.H. Badry. 2021. Forage and grain yields of dual-purpose triticale as influenced by the integrated use of Azotobacter chroococcum and mineral nitrogen fertilizer. Italian Journal of Agronomy, 16(2), 1719.
Steel, R.G.D., J.H. Torrie and D.A. Dickey. 1997. Principles and procedures of statistics: A Biometrical approach. 3rd ed. McGraw Hill Book Co. New York. pp. 400-428.
Teberdyev D.M. and A.V. Rodyonova. 2015. Efficacy of fertilizing a long-term hayfield. Fodder production, Moscow, 10, 3-7
Van Soest, P.J. 1982. Nutritional ecology of the ruminant animal. CUP, Ithaca, NY. USA.
Vasile, A.J., I.R. Andreea, G.H. Popescu, N. Elvira and Z. Marian. 2016. Implications of agricultural bioenergy crop production and prices in changing the land use paradigm - The case of Romania. Land Use Policy, 50: 399-407.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Muhammad Jamil, Sadaf Khalid, Aqeel Ahmad, Muhammad Mazhar Qayoom, Qamar Ali Khan, Muhmmad Yousaf, Raza Mustafa, Muhammad Zahid, Muhammad Tariq-Khan, Lubna Zafar
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.